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Herbert Allen "Deafy" Farmer (March 9, 1891 – January 12, 1948) was an American criminal who, with his wife Esther, operated a safe house for underworld fugitives from the mid-1920s to 1933. In the 1920s his farm in southwest Missouri was safe harbor for bank robbers and other criminals of the Cookson Hills region such as Harvey Bailey, Jelly Nash, Wilbur Underhill, "Big Bob" Brady and the Holden-Keating Gang. In the Public Enemy era, as organized crime strengthened and expanded in the United States, the farm became part of a network of safe houses for gangsters along "the midwest crime corridor." On June 16, 1933, Herbert and Esther Farmer were involved in the plan which set into motion the Kansas City Massacre, "a pivotal event in Depression-era crime."〔Barrow p. 89.〕 With five others, they were convicted of conspiracy to free a federal prisoner, Frank "Jelly" Nash, in January 1935. ==Life== A career grifter and gambler, Herbert Farmer was in and out of local jails in Texas, Missouri and Oklahoma for much of his youth. In about 1910 his family settled in Webb City, Missouri, a community near Joplin in the then-booming lead- and zinc-mining region known as the Tri-State district.〔The Tri-State mining district, also called the Joplin district after the area's largest city, spread over of southwest Missouri, northeast Oklahoma and southeast Kansas. At its peak in the 1920s it was the world's leading producer of lead and zinc. Rosner pp. 136-38.〕 As an adult Farmer made the Joplin area his home. In Webb City, Farmer's family became acquainted with the Barker family, and for a while Ma Barker's sons "were practically raised by Herb Farmer's mother."〔FBI File Part 04, pp. 96, 126.〕 Though the Barkers left Webb City for Tulsa, Oklahoma around 1915, Fred Barker returned often to visit the Farmers, and he and Herb Farmer remained friends, though Farmer was perhaps 13 years older. The FBI's official summary of the Karpis-Barker gang's career stated, "It is safe to assume that Fred Barker received considerable education in the school of crime from Farmer,"〔(FBI File 7-576. )〕 and later an agent noted that "Barker and Karpis are known to be henchmen (especially Barker) of Herbert A. Farmer."〔Part 12 p. 80.〕 In 1916 Farmer began serving a five-year sentence for assault with intent to kill in the rehabilitation-oriented Oklahoma State Reformatory, but in a few months he was transferred to the state penitentiary. During this time he schooled younger inmates in the ways of pickpocketing and con games〔King pp. 98, 111-112, 114, 124, 199.〕〔Newton pp. 101-02.〕〔Wellman pp. 337, 339.〕〔Burrough pp. 34, 43, 47, 53-55, 60, 110, 146.〕 and in the penitentiary made friends with veteran bank and train robber Jelly Nash. He served less than two years and upon his release headed west, adding to his record more arrests for assault, larceny and swindling in Colorado, California, Utah and Texas. In about 1927 he and his wife bought a farm of roughly south of Joplin, Missouri. Deafy Farmer's farm was not only a safe place to "cool off," it was "one of the best underworld postal offices in the country."〔King p. 114.〕 The Joplin safe house operated with no recorded interference from authorities until June 1933, when the Kansas City Massacre drew federal attention. When Fred Barker or his partner Alvin Karpis shot to death a county sheriff in West Plains, Missouri in December 1931, Barker brought Karpis, as well as his mother and her boyfriend, across the state to Herb Farmer's place.〔(FBI File 7-576. ) Farmer sent them on to Harry Sawyer in St. Paul, Minnesota. They thrived in the northern reaches of the country for about four years.〕 When Farmer was indicted on conspiracy charges in 1934, the gang gave him $2500 of the Hamm kidnapping ransom to help pay his legal expenses.〔Burrough pp. 109-10.〕 However, during questioning in respect to that crime Farmer, unprodded, twice slyly wondered aloud if Fred Barker might have been involved in the Union Station killings. Farmer made his official living in the hotels and gambling halls of two nearby "safe cities,"〔Alvin Karpis wrote, "(cities ) were places where the fix was in from top to bottom, and guys like me could relax." Maccabee p. 60. "Once a criminal with local connections made it inside one of these cities he was home free. He was 'on base' and could not be 'tagged' by the authorities." Wallis p. 171. Other midwestern cities where the fix was firmly in were St. Paul, Detroit, Cicero, Illinois and Toledo, Ohio. Maccabee p. 60.〕 the resort town of Hot Springs, Arkansas and Kansas City, with occasional forays into Reno, Nevada〔In Reno the midwest gangsters "had good contacts with the political bosses." (FBI File 7-576 ) p.〕 and St. Paul, Minnesota, where at the time of his arrest in July 1933 he was negotiating for control of a lucrative craps concession. Though Hot Springs chief of detectives Dutch Akers knew Farmer to be "the number 1 man for the (Paul-Kansas City-Hot Springs ) gang organization at Joplin,"〔FBI File 62-28915, Part 10, p. 50.〕 and though six months before his arrest for obstruction of justice in the Kansas City Massacre case he "took an old man and his wife from Hot Springs to Reno, where he cleaned them for $50,000 in the race track con,"〔FBI File 62-28915, Part 04, p. 88.〕 when he was arrested he was trading chickens and butter for groceries and he alone of the conspiracy defendants could not make bond.〔FBI File 62-28915, Part 13, pp. 134-5; Part 70, p. 143.〕 Deafy Farmer was indeed almost completely deaf. In the 1934 conspiracy trial all of the defendants took the stand, except Deafy Farmer; he was so deaf, his wife said, that questioning him would be useless.〔 In 1933 he was described to the FBI as "a very dangerous man, a killer, and his best known line is the con game.... his favorite weapon being the knife."〔FBI File 62-28915, Part 04, pp. 88-9.〕 Farmer served two years in Alcatraz for his participation in the conspiracy to free Jelly Nash. After his release he returned to Missouri. He and Esther sold the farm and moved into Joplin, where they lived until his death on January 12, 1948.〔〔〔〔 In October 1966 Esther married Harvey Bailey, "dean of the American bank robbers," after a year-long courtship. She died in 1981.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert Allen Farmer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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